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27 January 2013

40 Most Popular Social Networking Sites of the World


Social Networking sites, social media 2010"Social networking" has been around forever. It's the simple act of expanding the number of people you know by meeting your friends' friends, their friends' friends and so on. In fact, many of us today use Twitter and Facebook to promote our existing and upcoming businesses. And people looking to connect with other business-associated contacts usually move to sites like LinkedIn, but one need to understand that social media is beyond Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Blogs. After observing and running an analysis on hundreds of Social Networking sites I have listed down 40 most popular social networks across countries.

1. Facebook: To access Facebook.com, you must create an account on the site which is free. Facebook's terms of use state that members must be at least 13 years old with valid email ID’s. After updating you're details, your Facebook profile is generated. Using Facebook.com you can:

o Browse and join networks, which are organized into four categories: regions, colleges, workplaces and high schools.
o Pull contacts from a Web-based e-mail account, into Facebook.com.
o Find friends in several ways, including search engine to look for a specific person and lot more.
o Facebook has recently crossed 500 million users and is the most popular Social Networking site of the world.

2. MySpace: On MySpace, your social network starts growing from the first day. When you join MySpace, the first step is to create a profile. You then, invite friends to join there and search for your friends on already profiled on MySpace these friends become your initial Friend Space. Once the friendship is confirmed all the people in your friends' Friend Space become part of your network. In that sense, everyone on MySpace is in your Extended Network. As part of terms of MySpace, the user must be at least 14 years old to register.

3. Twitter: Twitter is a very simple service that is rapidly becoming one of the most talked-about social networking service providers. When you have a Twitter account, you can use the service to post and receive messages to a network of contacts, as opposed to send bulk email messages. You can build your network of contacts, and invite others to receive your Tweets, and can follow other members' posts. Twitter makes it easy to opt into or out of networks. Additionally, you can choose to stop following a specific person’s feed.

4. LinkedIn: LinkedIn is an online social network for business professionals, which is designed specifically for professional networking, to help them find a job, discover sales leads, connect with potential business partners. Unlike most of the other social networks, LinkedIn does not focus on making friends or sharing media like photos, videos and music. To start using LinkedIn you need to register and create a profile page. To register to LinkedIn, you need to provide personal information. You can update the profile with your education and job details and a summary. Additionally, you can also give and receive recommendations from co-workers and bosses. There are more than 75 million professionals registered on LinkedIn.

5. Bebo: In the United Kingdom, Bebo is the second best social network. Bebo allows users to create social networking profiles for free. It offers many of the same features as other social networking sites. You can register a free account with Bebo and upload photos, videos and information. The site lets you connect with old friends and make new ones using a unique user interface. The site boasts users from more than a dozen countries, including the United States, Australia, Canada, Poland, France and Germany.

6. Friendster: Friendster was one of the first Web sites to bring it into mass culture. It was designed as a place to connect with friends, family, colleagues and new friends over the Internet. However, it went beyond just a one-way communication. Using Friendster, you can connect with friends and family, meet new people through the connections you already have, find people with similar interests, backgrounds or geographical locations, join groups by activity, school or interest, interact through message posts, games, blogs and application sharing, and share your details with the Internet community.

7. Hi5: Hi5 shares many similarities with many social network sites; however, it introduces some twists that make it worthwhile for people who love trying out new and interesting online communities. However, it is not one of the popular sites in the United States. This was a strategic move from the founder, therefore, Hi5 claims around 60 million members from more than 200 countries other than the US. One of the site's biggest transformations is the addition of many entertainment options, including games.

8. Habbo: The Habbo online community is inhabited by pixelated, cartoon-character alter egos. You can meet others in public rooms (nightclubs, restaurants, shops) and create private rooms for selected friends. Habbo employees heavily moderate the site, catering to its solid teen user base. Most of the users of Habbo are between the age group of 13 – 18 years. Although, a major part of the users are from the U.S., Habbo social networks is very popular in places like the United Kingdom, Japan, Sweden, Spain, Italy, Finland and more.

9. NING: Ning is the leading online platform for the world's organizers, activists and influencers to create social experiences that inspire action. It helps you create a safe and secure place online for like-minded people. Ning takes the idea of groups to a whole new level. The ability to create your own community makes Ning a great home away from home for organizations and groups looking to fill the social void.

10. Classmates: Classmates.com is different from most social networks, in the sense that most of its features are available to premium member. The price for premium members depends on the length of the agreement – shorter term results in a higher cost per month. Classmates.com is primarily used to reconnect with old classmates. The site features a search engine that lets you view other people who went to the same school you attended. Creating a basic Classmates.com profile is free and easy. However, most of the advanced features in Classmates.com are only available to paid users.

11. Tagged: Tagged is a blend of social networking features that MySpace and Facebook users will find very familiar. Tagged was designed to help users meet lots of new people with similar interests in a short amount of time. You can access and register directly or be invited by a friend to join Tagged. This is a free social network that allows you to view your friends’ newly uploaded Tagged photo album. Tagged encourages its users to meet strangers based on shared interests, with the idea of growing your network to meet as many people as possible.

12. myYearbook: myYearbook, the best place to meet new people and one of the 25 most-trafficked sites in the United States. myYearbook has Flash-based games, and the games incorporate Lunch Money (the myYearbook virtual currency). It includes a virtual economy through which people can purchase of gifts which members send to each other. Lunch Money is also donated by members to their favourite charity. In 2010, myYearbook donated money to the Haiti Relief Fund to help victims of the earthquake in Haiti.

13. Meetup: Meetup is an online social networking portal that facilitates offline group meetings in various localities around the world. It makes it easy for anyone to organize a local group or find one of the thousands already meeting up face-to-face. More than 2,000 groups get together in local communities each day, each one with the goal of improving themselves or their communities.

14. MyLife: MyLife (formerly Reunion.com) is a social network service. MyLife can search over 60 social-networking sites and other information resources on the Web. MyLife searches the web to deliver accurate and timely results. Even in cases when you don't immediately find who you're looking for, MyLife continues searching and provides updates and alerts. MyLife suggests friends and contacts you may know based on your profile information and existing contacts. It also intimates you when someone else is looking for you. MyLife gives you a global view into the most popular sites your friends are part of, including LinkedIn, Facebook and MySpace as well as 50 other sites.

15. Flixster: Flixster is a social networking site for movie fans. Users can create their own profiles, invite friends, rate movies and actors, and post movie reviews as well. From the site, people can also get information about movies, read user-generated movie reviews and ratings, converse with other users, get movie show times, view popular celebrity photos, read the latest movie news, and view video clips from popular movies and TV shows. Flixster.com also operates leading movie applications on Facebook, MySpace, iPhone, Android, and BlackBerry.

16. myHeritage: MyHeritage is a family-oriented social network service and genealogy website. It allows members to create their own family websites, share pictures and videos, organize family events, create family trees, and search for ancestors. There are more than 15 million family trees and 91 million photos on the site, and the site is accessible in over 35 languages.

17. Multiply: Multiply is a vibrant social shopping destination, but faster and more convenient, where sellers and buyers interact. A user's network is made up of their direct contacts, as well as others who are closely connected to them through their first-degree relationships. Users are also encouraged to specify the nature of their relationship with one another, making it possible to share content based on relationship. Many shoppers in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam have made the Multiply Marketplace a favourite shopping destination.

18. Orkut: Orkut is a free social networking website where you can create a profile, connect with friends, maintain an online scrapbook and use site features and applications to share your interests and meet others. The prerequisite for logging on to Orkut is that the user must be over 18 years old. Currently, Orkut is the most popular in Brazil. The number of orkut users in India is almost equivalent to those in its original home in the United States.

19. Badoo: Badoo is a multi-lingual social networking website. It is gaining popularity in emerging markets like Russia and Brazil. The site allows users to create profiles, send each other messages, and rate each other’s profile pictures at no cost. However, features that are designed to make user profile more visible to other users are provided at a cost. Badoo includes geographic proximity feature that identifies users’ locations based on analysis of their network connection. This lets users know if there are people near their current location who may wish to meet.

20. Gaia Online: Gaia Online is a mix of social networking and massive multiplayer online role-playing games. It is a leading online hangout for teens and young adults, and offers a wide range of features from discussion forums and virtual towns to fully customizable profiles and avatars. It provides a fun, social environment that inspires creativity and helps people make meaningful connections around shared interests such as gaming, arts and anime.

21. BlackPlanet: Initially, BlackPlanet was designed as a way for African-American professionals to network. Since then, it's grown and evolved as a site operating under the principles of Web 2.0. Members can read other members' blogs, watch music videos, chat with one another, look for new careers and discuss news. Though BlackPlanet is not restricted to any community, this site is more popular amongst African-American. This site helped Obama to connect to nearly 200,000 potential supporters.

22. SkyRock: SkyRock.com is a social networking site that offers its members free web space where they can create a blog, add a profile, and exchange messages with other registered members. The site also offers a specific space for members who create blogs showcasing their original musical compositions. SkyRock is very popular in France and French speaking markets including Switzerland and Belgium. The site is also available in English, German, Dutch and Spanish. It’s very popular in the European Union.

23. PerfSpot: PerfSpot provides a web portal for people of any age, gender, or background to share their interests and favourite things on the web. PerfSpot currently publishes its site in 37 different languages, with comprehensive moderator team based in the U.S. and the Philippines that screens through up to a million pictures on a daily basis.

24. Zorpia: Zorpia.com is a social network that has a large international community. Zorpia’s features include profile customization, networking features and an incredibly detailed search. Zorpia has an impressive music section featuring popular artists like Ashlee Simpson, Vanessa Hudgens, Alanis Morissette and more. You can purchase a Royal Membership for extra networking options such as an ad–free profile, extra profile design features and unlimited messaging.

25. Netlog: Netlog (formerly known as Facebox and Bingbox) is a Belgian social networking website specifically targeted at the European youth demographic. On Netlog, you can create your own web page with a blog, pictures, videos, events and much more to share with your friends. Netlog is pageview market leader in Belgium, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Romania and Turkey. In the Netherlands, Germany, France and Portugal, Netlog covers the second place. Pan European, Netlog is the market leader. Netlog is localized in over 25 languages, to enable users from around the world to access the network.

26. Tuenti: Tuenti is an invitation-only private social networking website. It has been referred to as the "Spanish Facebook”, by many social network watchers. It is one of the largest social networking sites in Spain. It allows you to set up a profile, upload photos, link videos and connect and chat with friends. Many other utilities, such as the ability to create events, are also offered. From 2009, utilizing a simple interface, Tuenti user can change their language to Catalán, Basque, Galician, and English. Tuenti is also available as an iPhone App.

27. Nasza-Klasa.pl: nasza-klasapl is considered one of the largest and most used social networking sites in Poland. It primarily brings together school's students and alumni. The site is in polish therefore restricting its popularity only to Poland and polish speaking people. Nevertheless, it claims to be the most popular networking site in Poland, and therefore, has found its niche in the competitive social networking space. The site where one might say, new meets old, where the intractability is like Facebook, yet traditional with old styled forums.

28. IRC-Galleria: IRC Gallery has been one of the most popular social networking sites for over 10 years, in Finland; with over 5.5 lakh registered users, 90% of which use the site regularly. IRC-Galleria is popular within the age group of 18-22. To be able to create an account with this site, at least one of the uploaded images must be accepted by the administrator. While regular users can upload only up to 60 visible images, you have the option to upgrade to VIP status that enables you to upload 10,000 visible images. Using this site, users can communicate with other users, comments on photos, and join over a 100 communities.

29. StudiVZ: StudiVZ is the biggest social networking site in Germany. It is also popular in German-speaking countries like Switzerland and Austria. This site works as a student directory in particular for college and university students in Europe. The site allows students to maintain a personal page that containing their personal information like name, age, study subjects, interests, courses and group memberships (within StudiVZ).

30. Xing: Xing, (formally known as openBC/Open Business Club) is a professional networking tool. It is popular in countries like Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy and France. Xing is similar to LinkedIn and claims to have professionals from over 200 countries. Xing has two features Basic and Premium, depending on weather the user wants to use the site for free or at a cost. It is available in different languages including English, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, Dutch, Chinese, Finnish, Swedish, Korean, Japanese, Russian, Polish, Turkish and Hungarian; French and German being the most popularly.

31. Renren: Renren (formerly called Xiaonei Network) is one of the largest social networking sites in China, and caters to people of Chinese origin. It is very popular amongst college students. Renren also has a WAP version, which users can access through mobile phones. It features an instant messaging service for its users. Users can use the same username to log in both Renren and Kaixin. Renren appeals more to Chinese college students who use internet cafes, while Kaixin001 targets Chinese white-collar workers who have internet access at work.

32. Kaixin001: Kaixin001 is a popular professional networking tool in China. The target audience for Kaixin’s, are typically white-collar middle class who come from a first tier city. This site in China is extremely popular among people who work for multinational companies, ad agencies and other white collar companies. Kaixin001 has gained much more popularity since 2009, because social networking sites, such as Myspace, Facebook, Twitter and Youtube were blocked in China.

33. Hyves.nl: Hyves, pronounced hives (from beehives) is the largest social network in Netherlands, with many Dutch visitors and members. Hyves Payments and Hyves Games, allows you to play games and pay friends through the social network. Hyves provides usual amenities of a social networking site, including profiles, blogs, photos, and so on. ‘Hyven’ (Hyving) became a common word in Dutch, and is gaining popularity across Europe.

34. Millat Facebook: MillatFacebook is a Muslim-oriented social networking website. Originally launched in Pakistan, it has gained popularity in Arab counties as well. This site came into existence after Facebook was banned in Pakisthan. Millatfacebook offers video chat, bulletins, blogs, polls, shout box, and customization of profile page. Members can change the page CSS and design it on their own will.

35. Ibibo: Ibibo stands for iBuild, iBond. It is an Indian social networking site. It is an umbrella site that offers a variety of applications under its social network. The services offered include games, blogs, photo unlimited storage, mail, messenger, videos, free SMS service, mail, polls and surveys.

36. Sonico: Sonico is a free-access social networking website focused on the Latin American audience. You can do a to rage of things in this site including search and add friends, interact with friends over message, update their own personal profile, manage their privacy, upload photos and videos, organize events, play games with other users. Sonico, more importantly, let’s its members more control over their profile by giving them three distinct profiles that the user can organize based on the need: a private profile, a public profile, and a professional profile. This site is popular in Latin America and other Spanish and Portuguese Speaking Regions.

37. Wer-kennt-wen: Wer-kennt-wen, is one of the most popular social networking website in Germany. It is by an invitation-only social networking website, and only for people over 14 years old. The site provides the user to write blogs, chat with friends, and write in their guestbook. It provides users a social community for people, to interact with anybody they want.

38. Cyworld: Cyworld is a South Korean social network service. It has had a big effect on Korea’s Internet culture. Many renowned Korean socialites and celebrities have accounts where they post upcoming tours and works. Cyword has networks in South Korea, China, and Vietnam and is gaining popularity across Asia and the Pacific Island. Users have access to a profile page, photos, drawings and images uploading, an avatar, neighbourhoods, and clubs.

39. Mixi: Mixi is primarily for Japanese. Mixi offers options to meeting new people, send and receive messages, writing in a diary, read and comment on others' diaries, organize and join communities and invite their friends. The site requires users to own a Japanese cell phone which bars anyone who is not or has not been a resident of Japan.

40. iWiW: iWiW (abbreviation for International Who is Who) is a Hungarian social networking web service. The site is an invite-only website, where a user can provide personal information. Users can search for friends using the search tool. iWiW allows users to log in to external websites using their iWiW credentials. iWiW is also available for iPone and Android.

The list is tentative. You might want to add your thoughts to the same. Please feel free to share your opinions in the comment section below. I will soon revamp the list and take your suggestions into consideration.

19 January 2013

Nice Statements




Death asked Life :
Why does everyone love you and hate me.
Life replied :
Because I am a beautiful Lie and you are a painful Truth




Temple is a 6 letter word
Church is a 6 letter word
Mosque is also a 6 letter word
Geeta is a 5 letter word
Bible is a 5 letter word
Quran is also a 5 letter word




A Lovely Logic for a beautiful Life:
Never try to maintain relations in your life
Just try to maintain life in your relations




Always welcome the problems
Because problems give you dual advice
First, you know how to solve it
Second, you know how to avoid it in future




3 stages of Life:
Teen Age – Has time & energy – But no Money
Working Age – Has Money & Energy – But No Time
Old Age – Has Money & Time – But No Energy







We are very good Lawyers for our mistakes
Very good Judges for other’s mistakes



World always say – Find good people and leave bad ones.
But I say, Find the good in people and ignore the bad in them
Because No one is born perfect




A fantastic sentence written on every Japanese bus stop.
Only buses will stop here – Not your time
So Keep walking towards your goal



Negative Thinkers focus on Problems
Positive thinkers focus on Solutions

Never hold your head high with pride or ego.
Even the winner of a gold medal gets his medal only when he bows his headdown



Define TODAY
This is an Opportunity to Do A work better than Yesterday

African Saying:
If you want to walk quick, walk alone
If you want to walk far, walk together

Google Drive Stuff

In case you haven’t noticed them already, here are a handful of small updates that will make it easier to find, organize, and view stuff on Drive.
  • Search by person: Can't remember the name of a file but know who shared it with you? Now Drive search auto-completes people’s names making it easier to find the stuff you’re looking for.
  • View Google Earth map files: You can now open, preview, and interact with Google Earth files (.kml and .kmz) right inside Google Drive on the web.
  • Create new folders while organizing files: Now when you select files in your Drive list, in addition to adding them to an existing folder, you can add them directly to a new folder.
  • Drag and drop folders in Chrome: If you’re using Chrome, you can drag and drop entire folders from your desktop to Drive on the web.
  • Search includes your trash: Sometimes files you are looking for accidentally ended up in your trash, so now search results include files there too.

13 January 2013

Voter ID Cards Enrollment (Election Commission of India)


Website : http://www.ceoandhra.nic.in

 New Enrollment : http://123.176.47.59/ERMS/Eregistrationnew/userdetails_new.aspx

Correction Your Card : http://123.176.47.59/ERMS/F8/OnlineForm8.aspx

 

Q.1   I have shifted my residence recently. How do I ensure that I am enrolled in my new place of residence and my name is deleted from the old place?

Ans. In case the new residence is in the same constituency please fill Form-8A otherwise please fill form-6 and submit to the ERO (SDM) or the AERO (MRO) of the area of your new residence.

Q.2   I have shifted my residence recently. I have Photo ID Card with the old address. Can I get new ID Card for the present address?

Ans .First of all please  ensure that you have enrolled yourself in the Electoral Roll of the concerned AC, where you are now residing following the procedure given in ans no.1. Subsequently, changes will be made in the existing Identity Card by pasting the new address on the back side of the card.

Q.3   My old I Card is defective. I would like to have a new I Card with correct particulars. What is the procedure?

Ans. You can get your ID Card rectified by depositing it in the Office of the ERO concerned or at Photography Centre when the work of preparation of Photo ID card begins.

Q.4    I do not have a ration card. Can I get enrolled without a ration card? What are the other documents, which I can show as proof of my residence?

Ans. Ration Card is not essential for enrolment. You can show any other proof of residence like Passport, Bank Pass Book, Driving license etc.  or any Govt. document  to facilitate the work of registration.

Q.5    I am a tenant and my landlord does not want me to get enrolled. How can I get enrolled as a voter?

Ans . To get enrolled in the voter list is your statutory right. Please check the  Electoral roll of your area ERO (SDM)/AERO (MRO) office. If your name is not included please fill up Form 6 and deposit it with the ERO. 


Q.6   I have shifted my residence recently to Andhra Pradesh from another State where I was registered as a voter. I have an I Card issued from the previous place of residence. How can I get a new I Card at the present place of address and what will I do with the old I Card?

Ans. Please get your name deleted from the previous address, which will facilitate your registration in Andhra Pradesh.After that please get enrolled by filling Form-6 and depositing the same aong with the proof of deletion in the office of SDM/MRO. Your address can be changed on the back side of the Card and the same card wil remain valid.

Q.7    I will be attaining the age of 18 on 1.1.2002. What proof do I need to show to get enrolled?

Ans. You can submit any document from the authorized agency as the proof of Date of Birth(Passport, Matric certificate, Date of Birth certificate etc.)

Q.8.    When I fill up Form 4, should I attach proof of my residence with Form 4?

Ans. It is not essential but if you attach a proof of residence, it will help early verification of the particulars given by you.

Q.9.    When I fill up Form 4, should I attach proof of my residence with Form 4?
 Ans. Special compaign are run for preparation and issue of I card from time to time. The schedule & designated locations are published through News papers and are available on website.

Q.10  An Enumerator has visited my house and taken down the detailes. How do I ensure that my name is finally included in the electoral rolls ?
Ans.  He must have handed over to you the record of Enumeration, which is your acknowledgement. You can check your name in the draft roll, which will be published and available at the office of the ERO concerned to confirm that your name exists in the roll.



Q.11   Please give me details of my Polling Station and Assembly Constituency. Who do I contact to get these details?

Ans. This would be possible only when you inform your complete address at the reception/enquiry. The telephone No. is 23918888. You can check it from the ECI or CEO office website also.

Q.12   I have lost my old I Card. How can I get a new I Card?

Ans. You can deposit a copy of the FIR lodged at the Police Station. You will get a new I Card after deposit of Rs. 25. The dates for issuing I Cards are published in leading Newspapers.

Q.13   Who supervises the election work in a State?

Ans. The Chief Electoral Officer (CEO) supervises the election work related to Assembly  and Parliament elections. As per section 13A of the Representation of the People Act 1950, read with section 20 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, the Chief Electoral Officer of a State/Union Territory is authorised to supervise the election work in the State/Union Territory subject to the overall superintendence, direction and control of the Election Commission.

Q.14   Who appoints the Chief Electoral Officer?

Ans. The Election Commission of India nominates or designates an Officer of the Government of the State/Union Territory as the Chief Electoral Officer in consultation with that State Government/Union Territory Administration.

Q.15   Who supervises the election work in a District?

Ans. The District Election Officer. In the case of Andhra Pradesh, this is the District Collector who has been designated as District Election Officer. As per section 13AA of the Representation of the People Act 1950,  subject to the superintendence, direction and control of the Chief Electoral Officer, the District Election Officer supervises the election work of a district.   


Q.16   Who appoints the District Election Officer?

Ans. The Election Commission of India nominates or designates an Officer of the State Government as the District Election Officer in consultation with the State Government.

Q.17   Who is responsible for the conduct of elections in any Parliamentary or Assembly constituency?

Ans. The Returning Officer (R.O.) In the case of Andhra Pradesh, The District /Joint Collector and Revenue Divisional Officers are the R.Os. The Returning Officer of a parliamentary or assembly constituency is responsible for the conduct of elections for the P.C. & A.Cs respectively as per section 21 of the Representation of the People Act 1951.

Q.18   Who appoints the Returning Officer?

Ans. The Election Commission of India nominates or designates an officer of the Government or a local authority as the Returning Officer for each of the Assembly and Parliamentary constituencies in consultation with the State Government/Union Territory Administration. In addition, the Election Commission of India also appoints one or more Assistant Returning Officers for each of the assembly and parliamentary constituencies to assist the Returning Officer in the performance of his functions in connection with the conduct of elections.

Q.19   Who is responsible for the preparation of electoral rolls for a Parliamentary or Assembly Constituency?

Ans. The Electoral Registration Officer (ERO). In the case of Andhra Pradesh, these are the area sub-divisional Magistrates. The Electoral Registration officer is responsible for the preparation of electoral rolls for a Assembly Constituency which itself is the roll for the Parliamentary Constituency in so far as that Assembly Segment is concerned.

Q.20   Who conducts the poll at a polling station?

Ans. The Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer with the assistance of Polling Officers conducts the poll at a polling station.
  

Q.21   Who appoints the Electoral Registration officer?

Ans . Under section 13B of the Representation of the People Act, 1950, the Election Commission of India, in consultation with the State/UT Government, appoints an Officer of the Government or the Local Authorities as the Electoral Registration Officer. In addition, the Election Commission of India also appoints one or more Assistant Electoral Registration Officers to assist the Electoral Registration Officer in the performance of his functions in the matter of preparation/revision of electoral rolls.

Q.22   For every constituency, there is a list of voters which is called electoral roll. What is the minimum age for enrollment in an electoral roll?

Ans. Eighteen Years.

For every constituency, there is a voters list Article 326 of the Constitution, and Sec. 19 of R.P.Act, 1950 stipulate that the minimum age for registration of a voter is 18 years.

Q.23   Was 18 the minimum voting age in India from the beginning?

Ans. No.

Earlier, the age for registration of a voter was 21 years. Through the 61st amendment Act, 1988 of the Constitution read with Act 21 of 1989 amending the R.P.Act, 1950, the minimum age of registration of a voter has been brought down to 18 years. This has been made effective from 28/03/1989.

Q.24   Which is the relevant date for determining the age qualification of 18 years? Suppose, you have completed 18 years of age today. Can you get yourself registered as voter?

Ans. According to Section 14 (b) of the R.P.Act, 1950, the qualifying date means the first day of January of the year in which the electoral roll is prepared or revised.

Q.25   When was the voting age reduced from 21 years to 18 years?

Ans. 1989.

The voting age was reduced from 21 years to 18 years during 1989. Details are given in the answer of Question no. 68 above. 


Q.26   Can a non-citizen of India become a voter?

Ans. No.

A person who is not a citizen of India cannot be registered as a voter. Article 326 of the Constitution read with Sec. 16 of R.P.Act, 1950 clarify the point.

Q.27   Can a non-resident Indian citizen become a voter?

Ans. According to Section 19 of the R.P.Act, 1950, only a person who is ordinarily resident in a constituency is entitled to be registered in the electoral roll of that constituency. However, such of the non-resident Indian Citizens who are employed under Govt. of India in a post outside India are eligible to be registered as voters in terms of Sec 20(8)(d) read with Sec 20(3) of the R.P.Act, 1950.

Q.28   If I am working and living in Andhra Pradesh, can I be a voter in my native village?

Ans. No.

If you are working in Andhra Pradesh and residing there, you are an ordinary resident of Andhra Pradesh in terms of Sec 19(b). Therefore you can be enrolled at Andhra Pradesh only and not in your native village.

Q.29   Can one be enrolled at more than one place?

Ans. No.

A person cannot be enrolled as a voter in more than one place in the same constituency or in more than one constituency in view of the provisions contained under Sec. 17 and 18 of R.P.Act, 1950.
 

  

15 December 2012

Yahoo Mail Keyboard Shortcuts


The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts grouped by function.

FunctionKeyboard Shortcut
Check mailm
Check All Mail (includes all POP accounts)M
Skip to oldest unread messageCtrl+Shift+End
Mark As Readk
Mark As UnreadK
Flagl
(lowercase L)
Clear FlagL
Delete ItemDelete (your “delete” key)
Replyr
Reply Alla
Forward messagef
Printp
New Messagen
Save DraftCtrl+s
Send MessageCtrl+Enter
Turn Reading Pane on and offv
New FolderCtrl+E
Move message to a folderd
Put message in one of your first 9 folders1-9 (For example, type 2 for 2nd folder; doesn't work beyond 9)
Find a word or phrase in a messageCtrl+f
Close Current TabCtrl+\
Navigate through tabs—right to left motionCtrl+[
Navigate through tabs—left to right motionCtrl+]
Open message(s) in its own tabEnter (select one message at a time)
Edit contact infoEnter (select a contact first, in Contacts)
Expand window to maximum heightF11
Next message (in message tab)Ctrl+.
(Ctrl with period)
Previous message (in message tab)Ctrl+,
(Ctrl with comma
Close read-message tabEsc
Start a new chatc
Search boxs


GMail Keyboard Shortcuts


To turn these case-sensitive shortcuts on or off:
  1. Click the gear icon in the upper right, then select Settings.
  2. Choose the option next to "Keyboard shortcuts" to turn them on. You can also enable shortcuts automatically by going to http://mail.google.com/mail/?kbd=1

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S NO Function Key Definition

1 Compose C Allows you to compose a new message.

2 Move to newer conversation K Opens or moves your cursor to a more recent conversation.

3 Move to older conversation J Opens or moves your cursor to the next oldest conversation

4 Reply by email R Replies to the message sender

5 Reply to all by email A Replies to all message recipients.

6 Forward by email F Forwards a message.

7 Forward by email (in a separate browser window) Shift-F Forwards a message in a separate browser window

8 Search inside the message Ctrl-F Search the message

9 Search / Puts your cursor in the search box.

10 Open O Opens your conversation

11 Return to conversation list U Refreshes your page and returns you to the inbox or list of conversations.

35 Select none * then n Deselects all mail.

36 Select read * then r Selects all mail you've read.

37 Select unread * then u Selects all unread mail.

38 Select starred * then s Selects all starred mail.

39 Select unstarred * then t Selects all unstarred mail.






14 December 2012

Excel Tips and Tricks


·         Edit Selected Cell – F2
·         Go To Specific Cell – F5
·         Check Spelling – F7
·         Create Chart – F11
·         Enter Current Time – Ctrl + Shift + ;
·         Enter Current Date – Ctrl + ;
·         Insert New Work Sheet – Alt + Shift + F1
·         Open the Excel® formula window – Shift + F3
·         Search Box – Shift + F5
·         Select All Data – Ctrl + A
·         Copy Selected Items – Ctrl + C
·         Cut Selected Items – Ctrl + X
·         Paste Items – Ctrl + V
·         Paste items – Shift + Insert
·         Words in Bold – Ctrl + B
·         New Document – Ctrl + N
·         Open Options – Ctrl + O
·         Open Print Window – Ctrl + P
·         Open Find Window – Ctrl + F
·         Word in Italicize – Ctrl + I
·         Fill Cell – Ctrl + D
·         Insert Hyper Link – Ctrl + K
·         Find & Replace – Ctrl + F5
·         Find & Replace – Ctrl + H
·         Go To Options – Ctrl + G
·         Under Line Cell – Ctrl + U
·         Strike Through The Cell – Ctrl + 5
·         Minimize Current Window – Ctrl + F9
·         Maximize Current Window – Ctrl + F10
·         Move Between Excel Sheets – Ctrl + Page Up/Page Down
·         Create Formula For Above Cells – Alt + =
·         Format Number in Comma Format – Ctrl + Shift +!
·         Format Number in Currency Format – Ctrl + Shift +$
·         Format Number In Date Format – Ctrl + Shift +#
·         Format Number In Percentage Format – Ctrl + Shift +%
·         Format Number In Scientific Format – Ctrl + Shift +^
·         Format Number In Time Format – Ctrl + Shift +@
·         Select Enter Column – Ctrl + Spacebar
·         Select Enter Row – Shift + Spacebar
·         Close Window – Alt + F4
·         Close Window – Ctrl + W

Excel Functions:

Excel Function Description
SUM Calculates the sum of a group of values
AVERAGE Calculates the mean of a group of values
COUNT Counts the number of cells in a range that contains numbers
INT Removes the decimal portion of a number, leaving just the integer portion
ROUND Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places or digit positions
IF Tests for a true or false condition and then returns one value or another
NOW Returns the system date and time
TODAY Returns the system date, without the time
SUMIF Calculates a sum from a group of values, but just of values that are included because a condition is met
COUNTIF Counts the number of cells in a range that match a criteria


Excel Error Messages to Get to Know:

Error Meaning
#DIV/0! Trying to divide by 0
#N/A! A formula or a function inside a formula cannot find the referenced data
#NAME? Text in the formula is not recognized
#NULL! A space was used in formulas that reference multiple ranges; a comma separates range references
#NUM! A formula has invalid numeric data for the type of operation
#REF! A reference is invalid
#VALUE! The wrong type of operand or function argument is used

Excel Cell References Worth Remembering:

Example Comment
=A1 Complete relative reference
=$A1 The column is absolute; the row is relative
=A$1 The column is relative; the row is absolute
=$A$1 Complete absolute reference

Excel Text Functions You'll Find Helpful:

Function Description
LEFT Extracts one or more characters from the left side of a text string
RIGHT Extracts one or more characters from the right side of a text string
MID Extracts characters from the middle of a text string; you specify which character position to start from and how many characters to include
CONCATENATE Assembles two or more text strings into one
REPLACE Replaces part of a text string with other text
LOWER Converts a text string to all lowercase
UPPER Converts a text string to all uppercase
PROPER Converts a text string to proper case
LEN Returns a text string’s length (number of characters)